ASTM D3827-92(R2020) pdf free download

ASTM D3827-92(R2020) pdf free download.Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Gases in Petroleum and Other Organic Liquids
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for estimating the equilibrium solubility of several common gases in petroleum and synthetic lubricants, fuels, and solvents, at temperatures between 0 and 488 K. 1.2 This test method is limited to systems in which polarity and hydrogen bonding are not strong enough to cause serious deviations from regularity. Specifically excluded are such gases as HCl, NH 3 , and SO 2 , and hydroxy liquids such as alcohols, glycols, and water. Estimating the solubility of CO 2 in nonhydrocarbons is also specifically excluded. 1.3 Highly aromatic oils such as diphenoxy phenylene ethers violate the stated accuracy above 363 K, at which point the estimate for nitrogen solubility is 43 % higher than the observation. 1.4 Lubricants are given preference in this test method to the extent that certain empirical factors were adjusted to the lubricant data. Estimates for distillate fuels are made from the lubricant estimates by a further set ofempirical factors, and are less accurate. Estimates for halogenated solvents are made as if they were hydrocarbons, and are the least accurate of the three. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 Bunsen coeffıcient, n—the solubility of a gas, ex- pressed as the gas volume reduced to 273 K (32°F) and 0.10 MPa (1 atm), dissolved by one volume ofliquid at the specified temperature and 0.10 MPa. 3.1.2 Ostwald coeffıcient, n—the solubility of a gas, ex- pressed as the volume of gas dissolved per volume of liquid when both are in equilibrium at the specified partial pressure of gas and at the specified temperature. 3.2 Definitions ofTerms Specific to This Standard: 3.2.1 distillate fuel, n—a petroleum product having a mo- lecular weight below 300 g/mol. 3.2.2 halogenated solvent, n—a partially or fully haloge- nated hydrocarbon having a molar volume below 300 mL/mol. 3.2.3 solubility parameter, n—the square root of the internal energy change (heat absorbed minus work done) of vaporiza- tion per unit volume of liquid, at 298 K.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The solubility of gases in petroleum and other organic liquids may be calculated from solubility parameters of the liquid and gas. 3 The parameters are given for several classes of systems and their use illustrated. Alternative methods for estimation of solubility parameters are described.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Knowledge ofgas solubility is ofextreme importance in the lubrication of gas compressors. It is believed to be a substantial factor in boundary lubrication, where the sudden release of dissolved gas may cause cavitation erosion, or even collapse of the fluid film. In hydraulic and seal oils, gas dissolved at high pressure can cause excessive foaming on release ofthe pressure. In aviation oils and fuels, the difference in pressure between take-off and cruise altitude can cause foaming in storage vessels and interrupt flow to pumps.