ASTM D7898-14(R2020) pdf free download

ASTM D7898-14(R2020) pdf free download.Standard Practice for Lubrication and Hydraulic Filter Debris Analysis (FDA) for Condition Monitoring of Machinery
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface. D4175 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Also called cutting wear in some in- stances such as machining swarf. 3.1.1.2 abrasive wear particles, n—long wire-like particles in the form of loops or spirals that are generated due to hard, abrasive particles present between wearing surfaces of unequal hardness; sometimes called cutting wear particles or ribbons. D7684 3.1.1.3 three body abrasive wear, n—form of abrasive wear in which wear is produced by loose particles introduced or generated between the contacting surfaces. D7684 3.1.1.4 two body abrasive wear, n—form ofabrasive wear in which the hard particles or protuberances that produce the wear ofone body are fixed on the surface ofthe opposing body. G40 3.1.2 adhesive wear, n—wear due to localized bonding between contacting solid surfaces leading to material transfer between the two surfaces or loss from either surface. G40 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Also called sliding wear or rubbing wear. 3.1.2.1 rubbing wear particles, n—particles generated as a result of sliding wear in a machine, sometimes called mild adhesive wear. Rubbing particles are free metal platelets with smooth surfaces, from approximately 0.5 to 15 µm in major dimension and with major dimension-to-thickness ratios from about ten to one for larger particles to about three to one for smaller particles. Any free metal particle <5 µm is classified as a rubbing wear particle regardless of shape factor unless it is a sphere. D7684 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Rubbing particles can also be attributed to the benign removal ofasperities (polishing) ofwear surfaces during run-in of machine.3.1.2.2 severe sliding wear particles, n—in tribology, severe sliding wear particles are >15 µm and several times longer than they are wide. Some ofthese particles have surface striations as a result of sliding, and they frequently have straight edges. Their major dimension-to-thickness ratio is approximately ten to one. D7684 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Severe Sliding Particles can be gener- ated as a result of inadequate lubrication, wrong lubricant, extreme loading, or no lubricant. Ferrous particles can often exhibit heat tinting coloration on their surface as a result of the high frictional temperatures experienced during this process. 3.1.3 asperity, n—a protuberance in the small-scale topo- graphical irregularities of a solid surface. G40 3.1.4 contaminant particles, n—particles introduced from an extraneous source into the lubricant of a machine or engine. D7690 3.1.5 debris, n—in tribology, particles that have become detached in a wear or erosion process. G40 3.1.6 debris, n—in tribology, solid or semi-solid particulate matter introduced to lubricant through contamination or de- tached from a surface due to wear, corrosion, or erosion process. D7684 3.1.7 debris, n—in internal combustion engines, solid con- taminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engine or resulting from wear. 3.1.8 filter debris analysis (FDA), n—in tribology, a process for extracting and inspecting debris accumulated on the filter media taken from an in-line circulating lubricating system. D7684 3.1.9 non-ferrous metal particles, n—free metal particle composed of any metal except iron. All common nonferrous metals behave nonmagnetically except nickel. D7690 3.1.10 nonmetallic particles, n—particles comprised of compounds, organic material, glasses, etc. that have bound electrons in their atomic structure. D7690 3.1.10.1 nonmetallic amorphous particles, n—particles without long range atomic order that are transparent and that do not appear bright in polarized light. D7690 3.1.10.2 nonmetallic crystalline particles, n—particles with long range atomic structure that appear bright in polarized light. These may be single crystals but are most likely polycrystalline or polycrystalline agglomerates.