ASTM C159-06(R2021) pdf free download

ASTM C159-06(R2021) pdf free download.Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
1. Scope
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, prior to installation, of vitrified clay filter block used in trickling filters for the treatment of sewage and industrial wastes. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions shown in Annex A1 – Annex A3. This standard does not purport to address all ofthe safety concerns, ifany, associated with its use. It is the responsibility ofthe user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions for clay, fire clay, shale, and surface clay are as defined in Terminology C896. 3.2 Definitions ofTerms Specific to This Standard: 3.2.1 compressive strength—the pressure, measured in psi (kPa) which causes failure ofvitrified clay filter block, with the load being applied to the block in the direction of use. 3.2.2 filter block—rectangular, vitrified clay units with inte- rior drainage channels, having apertures that connect to the drainage channels through the upper surface. The apertures are arranged to form drainage and aeration grilles that pass air into, and liquids from, overlying filtering media. The drainage channels of the filter block provide for the conveyance of the filtered liquid away from the filter bed. 3.2.2.1 Type I-S and Type I-H filter block—one-piece units suitable for constructing a single-course trickling filter floor. 3.2.3 lot—unless otherwise specified, a lot shall consist of all filter block of each type of the contract or purchase order. 3.2.4 walls—Exterior vertical sides of vitrified clay filter block. 3.2.5 webs—interior supports separating channels of vitri- fied clay filter block.
9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
9.1 Aperture—The smallest dimension of an aperture in Type I-S and I-H filter block shall not exceed 1 1 ⁄ 2 in. (38 mm), and the total aperture area shall be at least 20 % ofthe top area. 9.2 Drainage Channels: 9.2.1 The drainage channel cross-sectional area shall be defined as the channel area lying below the lowest level of the aperture. Minimum cross-sectional area of drainage channels in filter block shall be as shown in the following table:9.2.2 Drainage channels of filter block shall be curved or narrowed at the bottom to maintain velocity in the channels at low flow. 9.2.3 The minimum depth of drainage channels in filter block shall be 2 1 ⁄ 2 in. (64 mm), measured from the lowest level of the aperture. 9.2.4 There shall be at least two parallel drainage channels per foot (0.3 m) of width of Type I-S and I-H filter block. 9.3 Exterior Walls and Interior Webs—Thickness ofexterior walls in Type I-S and I-H filter block shall be at least 9 ⁄ 16 in. (14 mm) and interior webs separating drainage channels shall be at least 1 ⁄ 2 in. (13 mm). 9.4 Permissible Variations in Dimensions: 9.4.1 Exterior dimensions of filter block shall be the dimen- sions stated by the manufacturer, 6 1 ⁄ 4 in./ft (21 mm/m). 9.4.2 The lower bearing surface offilter block shall not vary from a plane by more than 3 ⁄ 16 in. ⁄ft (16 mm/m) of the greatest dimension of the block.
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
10.1 Filter block shall be substantially free of laminations.10.2 Blisters shall not exceed 2 in. (51 mm) in diameter, and blisters or pimples shall not project more than 1 ⁄ 8 in. (3 mm) above the surface. 10.3 Chips shall not exceed 2 in. (51 mm) in length, 1 in. (25 mm) in width, and a depth of 3 ⁄ 16 in. (5 mm). 10.4 Open cracks shall be no longer than 1 1 ⁄ 2 in. (38 mm) and surface cracks no longer than 3 in. (76 mm). Open cracks shall not extend through the upper surface from the end of the filter block to an aperture opening, nor between aperture openings.