ASTM D5403-93(R2021) pdf free download

ASTM D5403-93(R2021) pdf free download.Standard Test Methods for Volatile Content of Radiation Curable Materials
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the determina- tion of weight percent volatile content of coatings, inks, and adhesives designed to be cured by exposure to ultraviolet light or to a beam of accelerated electrons. 1.2 Test Method A is applicable to radiation curable mate- rials that are essentially 100 % reactive but may contain traces (no more than 3 %) of volatile materials as impurities or introduced by the inclusion of various additives. 1.3 Test Method B is applicable to all radiation curable materials but must be used for materials that contain volatile solvents intentionally introduced to control application viscos- ity and which are intended to be removed from the material prior to cure. 1.4 These test methods may not be applicable to radiation curable materials wherein the volatile material is water, and other procedures may be substituted by mutual consent of the producer and user. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in 15.7. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 cure, n—the condition of a coating after conversion to the final state of cure as measured by tests generally related to end use performance and mutually agreeable to supplier and purchaser. 3.1.2 ultraviolet (UV) curing, n—conversion of a coating from its application state to its final use state by means of a mechanism initiated by ultraviolet radiation generated by equipment designed for that purpose. 3.1.3 electron beam (EB) curing, n—conversion ofa coating from its application state to its final use state by means of a mechanism initiated by electron beam radiation generated by equipment designed for that purpose. 3.1.4 processing volatiles, n—loss in specimen weight under test conditions that are designed to simulate actual industrial cure processing conditions. 3.1.5 potential volatiles, n—loss in specimen weight upon heating at 110 °C for 60 min after radiation curing. 3.1.5.1 Discussion—This value is an estimation of volatile loss that may occur during aging or under extreme storage conditions. Potential volatiles may also be referred to as residual volatiles. 3.1.6 total volatiles, n—sum of the processing volatiles and the potential volatiles.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 A designated quantity of material is weighed before and after a cure step that simulates normal industrial processing.The test specimen is weighed again after heating at 110 °C 6 5 °C for 60 min. The percent volatile is calculated from the losses in weight.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 These test methods are the procedures of choice for determining volatile content of materials designed to be cured by exposure to ultraviolet light or electron beam irradiation. These types of materials contain liquid reactants that react to become part of the film during cure, but, which under the test conditions of Test Method D2369, will be erroneously mea- sured as volatiles. The conditions of these test methods are similar to Test Method D2369 with the inclusion of a step to cure the material prior to weight loss determination. Volatile content is determined as two separate components—processing volatiles and potential volatiles. Processing volatiles is a measure of volatile loss during the actual cure process. Potential volatiles is a measure ofvolatile loss that might occur during aging or under extreme storage conditions. These volatile content measurements are useful to the producer and user of a material and to environmental interests for determin- ing emissions.
6. Interferences
6.1 The degree to which the results of these procedures accurately measure the volatiles emitted during actual use is absolutely dependent upon proper cure during the test proce- dure. Although overcure will have little or no effect upon measured volatiles, undercure may lead to erroneously high values. Since various pieces of cure equipment may vary widely in efficiency, it is essential that dialogue between material manufacturer and testing laboratory establish a cure schedule appropriate both to the material to be tested and to the cure equipment to be used in the procedure.