ASTM D6706-01(R2021) pdf free download

ASTM D6706-01(R2021) pdf free download.Standard Test Method for Measuring Geosynthetic Pullout Resistance in Soil
1. Scope
1.1 Resistance of a geosynthetic to pullout from soil is determined using a laboratory pullout box. 1.2 The test method is intended to be a performance test conducted as closely as possible to replicate design or as-built conditions. It can also be used to compare different geosynthetics, soil types, etc., and thereby be used as a research and development test procedure. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions ofTerms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1 apertures, n—the open spaces in geogrids which enable soil interlocking to occur. 3.1.2 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main- tained at a relative humidity of 60 6 10 % and a temperature of 21 6 2 °C (70 6 4 °F). 3.1.3 cross-machine direction, n—the direction in the plane of the geosynthetic perpendicular to the direction of manufac- ture. 3.1.4 failure, n—a defined point at which a material ceases to be functionally capable of its intended use. 3.1.5 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo- technical engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system. (D4439) 3.1.6 junction, n—the point where geogrid ribs are intercon- nected in order to provide structure and dimensional stability. 3.1.7 machine direction, n—the direction in the plane of the geosynthetic parallel to the direction of manufacture. 3.1.8 pullout, n—the movement of a geosynthetic over its entire embedded length, with initial pullout occurring when the back of the specimen moves, and ultimate pullout occurring when the movement is uniform over the entire embedded length. 3.1.9 pullout force, (kN), n—force required to pull a geo- synthetic out of the soil during a pullout test. 3.1.10 pullout resistance, (kN/m), n—the pullout force per width of geosynthetic measured at a specified condition of displacement. 3.1.11 rib, n—the continuous elements of a geogrid which are either in the machine or cross-machine direction as manufactured. 3.1.12 ultimate pullout resistance, (kN/m), n—the maxi- mum pullout resistance measured during a pullout test. 3.1.13 wire gauge, n—a displacement gauge consisting of a non-extensible wire attached to the geosynthetic and monitored by connection to a dial extensometer or electronic displace- ment transducer.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The pullout test method is intended as a performance test to provide the user with a set of design values for the test conditions examined. 5.1.1 The test method is applicable to all geosynthetics and all soils. 5.1.2 This test method produces test data, which can be used in the design ofgeosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls, slopes, and embankments, or in other applications where resistance of a geosynthetic to pullout under simulated field conditions is important. 5.1.3 The test results may also provide information related to the in-soil stress-strain response of a geosynthetic under confined loading conditions. 5.2 The pullout resistance versus normal stress plot obtained from this test is a function of soil gradation, plasticity, as-placed dry unit weight, moisture content, length and surface characteristics of the geosynthetic, and other test parameters. Therefore, results are expressed in terms of the actual test conditions. The test measures the net effect ofa combination of pullout mechanisms, which may vary depending on type of geosynthetic specimen, embedment length, relative opening size, soil type, displacement rate, normal stress, and other factors. 5.3 Information between laboratories on precision is incom- plete. In cases of dispute, comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between laboratories may be advis- able.