ASTM F3049-14(R2021) pdf free download

ASTM F3049-14(R2021) pdf free download.Standard Guide for Characterizing Properties of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing Processes
1. Scope
1.1 This guide introduces the reader to techniques for metal powder characterization that may be useful for powder-based additive manufacturing processes including binder jetting, directed energy deposition, and powder bed fusion. It refers the reader to other, existing standards that may be applicable for the characterization of virgin and used metal powders pro- cessed in additive manufacturing systems. 2 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Determining the properties of the feedstock powder used in these processes is a necessary condition for industry’s confidence in powder selection and ability to produce consis- tent components with known and predictable properties. The intention of this guide is to provide purchasers, vendors, or producers of metal powder to be used in additive manufactur- ing processes with a reference for existing standards or variations of existing standards that may be used to character- ize properties of metal powders used for additive manufactur- ing processes. It will serve as a starting point for the future development of a suite of specific standard test methods that will address each individual property or property type that is important to the performance of metal-based additive manu- facturing systems and the components produced by them. While the focus of this standard is on metal powder, some of the referenced methods may also be appropriate for non-metal powders.
5. Tests for Measuring Powder Properties
5.1 Sampling: 5.1.1 Practice B215 outlines procedures for sampling metal powders transferred from blenders or storage tanks, as well as metal powders already package in containers such as bags. The techniques in this standard are readily applicable to metal powders used in additive manufacturing. MPIF Standard 01 provides similar procedures. 5.2 Size Determination: 5.2.1 The procedures outlined in Test Method B214 give detailed specifications for determining powder particle sizes through a sieving process. This process is applicable for sieves with openings from 45 to 1000 µm, and therefore not suitable for powders with particles smaller than 45 µm. MPIF Standard 05 gives similar procedures, as does ISO 4497.5.2.2 Test Method B822 describes the use of light scattering to measure the particle size distribution. This test method describes the limitations of this technique, which may be used as agreed upon by user and manufacturer to measure particle size distribution for metal powders for additive manufacturing since the allowable particle diameters for this technique range from 0.4 µm to 2 mm. 5.2.3 Non-standardized methods such as image analysis may also be applicable for measuring the size distribution of a collection of metal particles. 5.3 Morphology Characterization: 5.3.1 Terminology B243 establishes qualitative definitions for many powder shapes. However, no standards describe a means of quantifying the morphology of metal powder par- ticles. Morphology can be determined via light scattering and image analysis methods. 5.4 Chemical Composition: 5.4.1 Several standards describe the inert gas fusion technique, and they are highly specific. 5.4.1.1 Test Method E1447 describes the procedure for determining the hydrogen content in solid specimens of tita- nium and titanium alloys by using the inert gas fusion technique combined with measuring the water created by passing the hydrogen released through the inert gas fusion over heated copper oxide in an infrared cell. 5.4.1.2 Test Method E1569 describes using inert gas fusion for determining the oxygen content in tantalum powder. 5.4.1.3 Test Method E1941 describes the procedure using combustion analysis to determine carbon content in refractory and reactive metals.