ASTM A131-2019 pdf free download

ASTM A131-2019 pdf free download.Standard Speci fication for Structural Steel for Ships
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers structural steel plates, shapes, and bars intended primarily for use in ship construction. 1.2 Material under this specification is available in the following categories: 1.2.1 Ordinary Strength—Grades A, B, D, and E with a specified minimum yield point of 34 ksi [235 MPa], and 1.2.2 Higher Strength—Grades AH, DH, EH, and FH with a specified minimum yield point of 46 ksi [315 MPa], 51 ksi [350 MPa], or 57 ksi [390 MPa]. 1.3 Shapes and bars are normally available as Grades A, B, AH32, and AH36. Other grades may be furnished by agree- ment between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 1.4 The maximum thickness of products furnished under this specification is 4 in. [100 mm] for plates and 2 in. [50 mm] for shapes and bars. 1.5 When the steel is to be welded, it is presupposed that a welding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intended use or service will be utilized. See Appendix X3 of Specifica- tion A6/A6M for information on weldability. 1.6 Units—This specification is expressed in both inch- pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon- formance with the standard. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1 control rolling (controlled rolling), n—a hot deforma- tion process intended to provide austenite (and hence ferrite) grain refinement by careful control of the pass-by-pass temperature/reduction schedule at high temperature regime where austenite recrystallizes after each rolling pass or at lower temperatures where the deformed austenite does not recrystal- lize between rolling passes, or both. In some cases, rolling may extend below the temperature (Ar ) at which the transforma- tion from austenite to ferrite begins, so the final rolling passes may involve deformation in the two-phase (austenite + ferrite) region. 3.1.2 thermo-mechanical controlled processing, n—a steel treatment that consists of strict control of the steel temperature and the rolling reduction. A high proportion of the rolling reduction is to be carried out close to or below the Ar 3 transformation temperature and may involve rolling towards the lower end of the temperature range of the intercritical dual- phase region, thus permitting little if any recrystallization of the austenite. The process may involve accelerated cooling on completion of rolling.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The steel shall be killed. 5.2 Grades D, E, AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32, DH36, DH40, EH32, EH36, EH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40 shall be made using a fine grain practice. For ordinary-strength grades, aluminum shall be used to obtain grain refinement. For higher-strength grades, aluminum, vanadium, or columbium (niobium) may be used for grain refinement. 5.3 Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grade E shall be normalized, or thermo-mechanical control processed. Plates over 1 ⁄ 8 in. [35 mm] in thickness ordered to Grade D shall be normalized, control rolled, or thermo-mechanical control pro- cessed. See Table 1. 5.4 Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grades EH32 and EH36 shall be normalized, or thermo-mechanical control processed. Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grade EH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40 shall be normalized, thermo- mechanical control processed, or quenched and tempered. Plates ordered to Grades AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32, DH36, and DH40 shall be normalized, control rolled, thermo- mechanical control processed, or quenched and tempered when so specified. See Table 2.