ASTM E861-13(R2021) pdf free download

ASTM E861-13(R2021) pdf free download.Standard Practice for Evaluating Thermal Insulation Materials for Use in Solar Collectors
1. Scope
1.1 This practice sets forth a testing methodology for evaluating the properties of thermal insulation materials to be used in solar collectors with concentration ratios of less than 10. Tests are given herein to evaluate the pH, surface burning characteristics, moisture adsorption, water absorption, thermal resistance, linear shrinkage (or expansion), hot surface performance, and accelerated aging. This practice provides a test for surface burning characteristics but does not provide a methodology for determining combustibility performance of thermal insulation materials. 1.2 The tests shall apply to blanket, rigid board, loose-fill, and foam thermal insulation materials used in solar collectors. Other thermal insulation materials shall be tested in accordance with the provisions set forth herein and should not be excluded from consideration. 1.3 The assumption is made that elevated temperature, moisture, and applied stresses are the primary factors contrib- uting to the degradation of thermal insulation materials used in solar collectors. 1.4 Solar radiation is not considered a contributing factor since insulating materials are not normally exposed to it. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The exposure conditions in solar collectors, especially under stagnation conditions, may degrade the performance of thermal insulation materials. This practice sets forth a meth- odology for evaluating the degree of degradation, if any, of the thermal insulation materials after exposure to simulated in- service conditions. 5.2 This practice is also intended to aid in the assessment of long-term performance by comparative testing of insulation materials. However, correlations between performance under laboratory and actual in-service conditions have not been established. 5.3 This practice also sets forth criteria that shall be con- sidered in the selection and specification of thermal insulation materials. One such criterion is surface burning characteristics (Test Method E84), which is used by many code officials as a reference. This practice does not represent that the numerical values obtained in any way reflect the anticipated performance of the thermal insulation under actual fire conditions.
8. Procedure
8.1 Conduct all the tests described in 8.2 – 8.11. The sequence of testing is optional. 8.2 pH: 8.2.1 Measure the pH of a mixture consisting of the insula- tion material and water with a pH meter using the following procedure: 8.2.1.1 Pulverize a sample of approximately 5 g of the insulation to pass through a 4760-µm sieve. 8.2.1.2 Mix the pulverized sample with 100 mL of distilled water at 24°C (75 6 5°F) in a 500-mL glass beaker. 8.2.1.3 Stir the mixture, using a glass rod, and allow to stand for 1 h at 24°C (75 6 5°F). 8.2.1.4 Measure the pH to the nearest 0.1 unit. 8.2.2 Calibrate the pH meter and electrodes before each testing sequence using standard buffer solutions. Buffer solu- tion pH shall be within 6 2 pH units of the expected measured pH. 8.3 Surface Burning Characteristics—Determine flame spread and smoke-developed classifications of the insulation material in accordance with Test Method E84. 8.4 Moisture Adsorption—Determine the moisture adsorp- tion of the insulation material in accordance with Specification C553. Express the quantity ofmoisture (water) adsorbed by the insulation material as a percentage by mass and by volume. 8.5 Water Absorption— Determine the water absorption of the insulation material in accordance with Methods C209 or Test Method D2842 as applicable. Express the quantity of water absorbed by the insulation material as a percentage by mass and by volume. 8.6 Thermal Resistance—Determine the thermal resistance of the insulation material in accordance with Test Methods C518, C177, or Practice C687, as applicable. 8.7 Linear Shrinkage— Determine the linear shrinkage (or expansion) of the insulation material in accordance with Test Method C356, at the expected maximum in-service temperature, including stagnation conditions. N OTE 1—Maximum in-service temperatures, including stagnation con- ditions must be determined by testing the solar collector design under consideration.