ASTM E2421-15(R2021) pdf free download

ASTM E2421-15(R2021) pdf free download.Standard Guide for Preparing Waste Management Plans for Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities
1. Scope
1.1 This guide addresses the development ofwaste manage- ment plans for potential waste streams resulting from decom- missioning activities at nuclear facilities, including identifying, categorizing, and handling the waste from generation to final disposal. 1.2 This guide is applicable to potential waste streams anticipated from decommissioning activities of nuclear facili- ties whose operations were governed by the Nuclear Regula- tory Commission (NRC) or Agreement State license, under Department of Energy (DOE) Orders, or Department of De- fense (DoD) regulations. 1.3 This guide provides a description of the key elements of waste management plans that if followed will successfully allow for the characterization, packaging, transportation, and off-site treatment or disposal, or both, of conventional, hazardous, and radioactive waste streams. 1.4 This guide does not address the on-site treatment, long term storage, or on-site disposal of these potential waste streams. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 A waste management plan based on the contents of this guide will provide for the successful identification of potential waste streams anticipated from decommissioning activities, and provide a clear and concise methodology for the handling of identified waste from generation to final disposition. 4.2 The waste management plan will identify the general waste types, characterization, packaging, transportation, disposal, and quality assurance requirements for potential waste streams.
5. General Waste Types
5.1 Radioactive—Radioactive wastes are defined as dis- carded material in any form that must be managed for its radioactive content per federal or agreement state regulations. Radioactive wastes are further categorized into the following subclasses. 5.1.1 High Level—High level wastes are irradiated reactor fuel (spent nuclear fuel) and the highly radioactive material resulting from the reprocessing of irradiated reactor fuel, including liquid waste and any solid material derived from such liquid (10 CFR 60, DOE Manual M 435.1-1). 5.1.2 Transuranic—Transuranic wastes are any material containing alpha-emitting transuranic nuclides with half-lives greater than 20 years and in concentrations greater than 100 nanocuries per gram (3.7 kBq g -1 ) (1×10 -7 Ci/g) (DOE Manual M 435.1-1). 5.1.3 By-Product Material—By-product material wastes are any radioactive material (except special nuclear material) yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process ofproducing or utilizing special nuclear material, and the tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration ofuranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily for its source material content (42 USC 2014(e)).
6. Characterization
6.1 The waste management plan should include a descrip- tion of the waste characterization methodology. The waste characterization methodology should be of sufficient detail to ensure that physical, chemical, and radiological properties of the wastes are identified and known throughout the waste management process and that they are characterized with sufficient accuracy to ensure worker protection, proper segregation, treatment, storage, and disposal. Useful informa- tion relative to the characterization of waste streams can be found in Guide E1892. Waste characterization methodologies should focus on total data acquisition and be based on direct methods (surveys and sampling and analysis), and indirect methods (process knowledge). Characterization data should include information obtained from direct measurement, and from sampling and analysis of the waste materials. Guidance on direct measurement is contained in the MARSSIM and MARSAME documents. 6.2 Sampling and Analysis—The sampling and analysis of waste streams should be conducted in accordance with a written plan that identifies the data life cycle process. The data life cycle process is composed of three essential elements: planning, implementation, and assessment. Guidance for sam- pling and analysis can be found in the MARLAP manual. 6.2.1 Planning—The planning process is a project manage- ment tool that identifies and documents the qualitative and quantitative statements that define the data quality objectives process (for example, Practice D5792). A graded approach to the planning process should be considered based on the size, complexity, available resources, and level of quality control. 6.2.2 Implementation—Sampling and analysis plans should identify the target analyte(s), the sampling design and meth- odology as determined during the planning process, the quality control parameters, and the analytical requirements per the approved statement of work.