ASTM D4989-90a(R2021) pdf free download

ASTM D4989-90a(R2021) pdf free download.Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity (Flow) of Roofing Bitumens Using the Parallel Plate Plastometer
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of apparent viscosity of roofing bitumen by means of a parallel plate plastometer. This test method is applicable for a viscosity range from 10 2 to 10 9 Pa·s [10 3 to 10 10 poises]. See Note 1. N OTE 1—This relatively simple test method ofmeasuring viscosity uses predetermined, arbitrary shear stress levels. Since roofing bitumens are non-Newtonian, other viscosity test methods may give different results. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—See definitions of viscosity given in Test Methods D2171/D2171M and D3205.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The sample is molded into a disc of specified dimensions, heated to the selected temperature, placed between the plates of the pre-heated apparatus, and pressed under standard conditions for a measured time. The apparent viscos- ity is calculated from the final diameter of the pressed specimen disc.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Parallel Plate Plastometer—A modified form of Wil- liams’ plastometer as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Mass of Platen A is 5000 6 50 g [11.02 6 0.11 lb]. 5.2 Ring Molds, with an inside diameter of 25.40 6 0.01 mm [1.0000 6 0.0025 in.] and a height of 12.70 6 0.01 mm [0.5000 6 0.0025 in.] cut from copper or brass tubing. 5.3 Constant-Temperature Oven, capable ofmaintaining test temperature within 60.1 °C [60.2 °F]. 5.4 Scale, linearly graduated in millimeters over at least 150 mm [6 in.] and accurate to 60.5 mm [60.02 in.].
6. Sampling
6.1 Sample the material to be tested in accordance with Practice D140/D140M.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 Prepare two molds by coating with a pasty mixture of talc in glycerine as a mold release agent. Coat all surfaces of each mold by brushing or applying the paste with a fingertip. Place the rings on a brass or aluminum plate coated with the release agent. 7.2 Bring the sample to pouring temperature by heating in an oven for not more than 30 min. Heat the sample with care to prevent local overheating, stirring until it has become sufficiently fluid to pour readily. Avoid incorporating air bubbles in the sample. Pour the heated sample into the ring molds until a slight overflow is achieved. Allow to cool at room temperature overnight, and then cut the excess material off cleanly with a slightly heated knife or spatula. Trim the excess material off not more than 1 h before testing. 7.3 Just prior to testing, carefully remove each specimen from its mold by holding it under a stream of cool tap water and pressing the specimen from the ring with the fingers. Wash the release agent from all surfaces of the specimen in the cool water and gently blot dry with a paper towel. 7.4 Place the dry specimen between two sheets of thin plastic film (see Note 2), approximately 100 by 100 mm [4 by 4 in.]. N OTE 2—Cellophane and polyethylene films, approximately 0.01 mm [2.5 mil] thick, are satisfactory. Do not use TFE-fluorocarbon or nylon, or have any lubricant present, as these will alter the results by allowing the bitumen to slip at the film interface.