ASTM A31-14(R2020) pdf free download

ASTM A31-14(R2020) pdf free download.Standard Specification for Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure Vessels
1. Scope
1.1 This specification 2 covers steel rivets for use in boilers and pressure vessels and steel bars for use in the manufacture of rivets. 1.2 Two grades are covered: 1.2.1 Grade A—Bars having a yield point of 23 000 psi (160 MPa) minimum with carbon 0.18 % maximum. 1.2.2 Grade B—Bars having a yield point of 29 000 psi (200 MPa) minimum with carbon 0.28 % maximum. 1.2.3 Rivets are manufactured from the applicable bar grade. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for rivets and bars under this specification shall include: 3.1.1 Specification designation and date of issue, 3.1.2 Quantity—Number of pieces for rivets and weight for bars, 3.1.3 Name of product and grade (A or B), 3.1.4 Size (diameter and length), 3.1.5 Rivet head type, 3.1.6 If inspection at point of manufacture is required, 3.1.7 Certification, if required (Section 14), and 3.1.8 Additional testing or special requirements, if required. 3.1.9 For establishment of a part identifying system, see ASME B18.24. N OTE 1—A typical ordering description is: ASTM A31 – 82, 10 000 pieces, steel rivets Grade A, 1 ⁄ 2 by 2 in., button head, test reports required.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 The steel shall be made by any of the following processes: open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen. 4.2 Rivets shall be manufactured from rivet bars conform- ing to the applicable grade ordered. 4.3 Rivets shall be manufactured by hot- or cold-heading. 4.4 Bars shall be furnished as rolled and not pickled, blast cleaned, or oiled. At producer’s option, bars may be cleaned for inspection or cold drawn.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The steel shall conform to chemical composition pre- scribed in Table 1.5.2 HeatAnalysis—An analysis ofeach heat ofsteel shall be made by the bar manufacturer to determine for Grades A and B the percentages of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur. This analysis shall be made from a test ingot taken during the pouring ofthe heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall be reported to the purchaser or his representative and shall conform to the requirements for heat analysis in accordance with Table 1. 5.3 Product Analysis—An analysis may be made by the purchaser from finished materials representing each heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements for product analysis prescribed in Table 1. 5.4 Application of heats of steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shall not be permitted. 5.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
6. Mechanical Properties
6.1 Rivet Bend Tests: 6.1.1 The rivet shank ofGrade Asteel shall stand being bent cold through 180° flat on itself, as shown in Fig. 1, without cracking on the outside of the bent portion. 6.1.2 The rivet shank ofGrade B steel shall stand being bent cold through 180° without cracking on the outside of the bent portion in accordance with Table 2. 6.2 Rivet Flattening Tests—The rivet head shall stand being flattened, while hot, to a diameter 2 1 ⁄ 2 times the diameter of the shank, as shown in Fig. 2, without cracking at the edges. 6.3 Bar Tensile Properties—Bars shall conform to the ten- sile requirements in accordance with Table 3. 6.4 Bar Bend Tests: 6.4.1 The test specimen for Grade A steel bars shall stand being bent cold through 180° flat on itself without cracking on the outside of the bent portion. 6.4.2 The test specimen for Grade B steel bars shall stand being bent cold through 180° without cracking on the outside of the bent portion to an inside diameter which shall have a relation to the diameter of the specimen in accordance with Table 4.