ASTM C556-16(R2020) pdf free download

ASTM C556-16(R2020) pdf free download.Standard Test Method for Resistance of Overglaze Decorations to Attack by Detergents
1. Scope
1.1 This test method 2 covers the determination and evalua- tion of the resistance of overglaze decorations on ceramic whitewares to attack by normal household soaps and liquid detergents under normal household conditions. 1.2 This test method applies primarily to overglaze decora- tions applied to dinnerware for domestic use wherein house- hold soaps and detergents are used for cleaning the soiled ware by either hand or machine operations. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Reagents and Materials
4.1 Sodium Carbonate Solution, made by dissolving anhy- drous sodium carbonate in distilled water in the ratio of 5 g of sodium carbonate per litre (1.14 qt) of water. 4.2 Clean Muslin Cloth.
5. Sampling
5.1 Whole pieces or segments of ware are selected so as to be representative of the decoration to be tested.
6. Test Specimens
6.1 The size of the specimens shall be such that the ratio of the total surface area of three specimens to volume of test solution shall be not greater than 100 cm 2 (15.5 in. 2 ) of surface to 3 L (3.2 qt) solution. Four identical specimens (identical as to decoration, not necessarily as to size or shape) are required for each test.
7. Procedure
7.1 Place the stainless steel specimen support in the bottom of the 4 L (4.2-qt) stainless steel beaker, and pour 3 L (3.2 qt) of sodium carbonate standard test solution into the beaker. Cover the beaker and let it remain covered throughout the test except for brief intervals when temperature measurements are made or when specimens are inserted or withdrawn. Place the beaker on the steam bath or other heat source, and heat the test solution to 95 6 1.1 °C (203 6 2 °F) throughout the test. N OTE 1—The mean temperature at which this test must be conducted is just below (approximately 1 °C (or 2 °F)) the boiling point of water. If the test is conducted at altitudes above sea level, appropriate adjustment should be made where steam baths are not used. 7.2 Degrease the specimens just prior to testing by washing in warm distilled water, rinsing with acetone until the surface films uniformly with distilled water, rinsing finally with fresh acetone, and then air drying. When the test solution has reached temperature, insert three of the specimens in the beaker in such a manner that they are completely covered with solution and do not overlap each other.7.3 After 2 h, remove one specimen from the beaker and rub the decorated area vigorously with a bit of muslin cloth, four plies thick, which has been dampened with test solution. Rinse the rubbed specimen in distilled water at not less than 82 °C (180 °F) and then air dry. Retain the muslin cloth for the record. 7.4 Leave the other two test specimens in the beaker at temperature for an additional 2 h after which remove a second specimen from the beaker and rub with fresh muslin in accordance with 6.1. Leave the third test specimen in the beaker at temperature for another 2-h period; then remove it and rub with fresh muslin in accordance with 7.3. 7.5 Examine the three exposed specimens visually for erosion of the decoration; use the unexposed specimen as a standard for comparison. Examine the muslin cloths used for rubbing for evidence oferoded decoration. Estimate the degree of attack of the decoration according to the scale of values in Table 1.