ASTM C583-15(R2021) pdf free download

ASTM C583-15(R2021) pdf free download.Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers determination of the high- temperature modulus of rupture of refractory brick or mono- lithic refractories in an oxidizing atmosphere and under action of a force or stress that is increased at a constant rate. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Measuring the modulus of rupture of refractories at elevated temperatures has become a widely accepted means to evaluate materials at service temperatures. Many consumer companies have specifications based on this type of test. 3.2 This test method is limited to furnaces operating under oxidizing conditions. However, with modifications for atmo- sphere control in other test furnaces, the major criteria of this test procedure may be employed without change. 3.3 This test method is designed for progressive application of a force or stress on a specimen supported as a simple beam with center-point loading. Test apparatus designed for the progressive application of a strain may yield different results, especially since refractory materials will reach a semiplastic state at elevated temperatures where Hooke’s law does not apply, that is, stress is then not proportional to strain. 3.4 This test method applies to fired dense refractory brick and shapes, chemically bonded brick and shapes, shapes formed from castables, plastics, or ramming materials, and any other refractory that can be formed to the required specimen dimension.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Use either an electrically heated or gas-fired furnace (Note 1). A typical cross section of the furnace containing the bearing edges is shown in Fig. 1. At least one pair of lower bearing edges, made from volume-stable refractory material (Note 2), shall be installed in the furnace on 5-in. (127-mm) centers. A thrust column, containing the top bearing edge that is made from volume-stable refractory material, shall extend outside the furnace where means are provided for applying a load. The lower bearing edges and the bearing end of the support column shall have rounded bearing surfaces having about a 1 ⁄ 4 -in. (6-mm) radius (Note 3). The lower bearing surfaces may be made adjustable, but must attain the standard span of 5 6 3 ⁄ 32 in. (127 6 2 mm). The length of the lower bearing surfaces shall exceed the specimen width by about 1 ⁄ 4 in. (6 mm). The load shall be applied to the upper bearing edge by any suitable means. Instrumentation for measuring the load shall be accurate to 1 %. The thrust column shall be maintained in vertical alignment and all bearing surfaces parallel in both horizontal directions. N OTE 1—The test furnace can be so constructed so that a number of specimens may be heated and tested at the same time. Bearing edges and loading devices may be provided for a number of individual specimens, but a more practical method is to provide means to move individual specimens successively onto a single set of bearing edges for breaking. The use of a separate holding furnace for specimens to be transferred into the test furnace for breaking is also satisfactory.N OTE 2—A minimum of 90 % alumina content is recommended as a suitable refractory. N OTE 3—All bearing surfaces should be checked periodically to maintain a round surface. 4.2 It is recommended that the furnace temperature be controlled with calibrated platinum-rhodium/platinum thermo- couples connected to a program-controller recorder (see Test Method E220). Temperature differential within the furnace shall not be more than 620 °F (11 °C), but the controlling thermocouple shall be placed within 1 ⁄ 2 in. (13 mm) of the geometric center of a side face of the test specimen when positioned on the bearing edges. 4.3 Furnace Atmosphere (gas-fired furnaces only)—Above a furnace temperature of 1470 °F (800 °C), the furnace atmo- sphere shall contain a minimum of 0.5 % oxygen with 0 % combustibles. Take the atmosphere sample from the furnace chamber proper, preferably as near the test specimen as possible.