ASTM D1475-13(R2020) pdf free download

ASTM D1475-13(R2020) pdf free download.Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 density, n—the mass of a unit volume of a material at a specified temperature. In this method, it is expressed as the weight in grams per millilitre, or as the weight in pounds avoirdupois of one U. S. gallon, of the liquid at the specified temperature; in the absence of other temperature specification, 25°C is assumed. 3.1.2 specific gravity (relative density), n—the ratio of the mass of a unit volume of a material at a stated temperature to the mass of the same volume of distilled water at the same temperature.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The accurately known absolute density ofdistilled water at various temperatures (Table 1) is used to calibrate the volume of a container. The weight of the paint liquid contents of the same container at the standard temperature (25°C) or at an agreed-upon temperature is then determined and density of the contents calculated in terms of grams per millilitre, or pounds per gallon at the specified temperature.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Density is weight per unit volume. It is a key property in the identification, characterization, and quality control of a wide range of materials. Density measurements in terms of weight per gallon are commonly used to check paint quality. If the density is not within specification, there is a good chance that there was a mischarge or other serious problem.5.2 This test method is suitable for the determination of density of paint and related products and components when in liquid form. It is particularly applicable when the fluid has too high a viscosity or when a component is too volatile for a density balance determination. 5.3 This test method provides for the maximum accuracy required for hiding power determinations. It is equally suitable for work in which less accuracy is required, by ignoring the directions for recalibration and consideration of temperature differentials, and using as the container a “weight-per-gallon” cup. 5.4 Automatic equipment for measuring density is available (see Test Method D4052) from several manufacturers. Such apparatus has been used for resins and latices as well as for oils and solvents. Before such equipment is used for a given product, results must be checked very carefully. Particularly with paints, inks, and resins, there are possibilities of gumming, fouling, and other interferences with operation.
8. Calibration of Cup or Pycnometer
8.1 Determine the volume of the container at the specified temperature by employing the following steps: 8.1.1 Clean and dry the container and bring it to constant weight. Chromic acid (see 8.1.1.1) or other effective glass cleaner and nonresidual solvents may be used with glass containers and solvents with metal containers. For maximum accuracy, continue rinsing, drying, and weighing until the difference between two successive weighings does not exceed 0.001 % of the weight of the container. Fingerprints on the container will change the weight and must be avoided. Record the weight, M, in grams. 8.1.1.1 Warning—Chromic acid cleaning solution is corro- sive to skin, eyes and mucous membranes and can cause severe burns. Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing. In making dilute solution, always add acid to water with care. Chromic acid cleaning solution is a strong oxidizer. Avoid contact with organic or reducing substances as a fire could results. See supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet for further information. Other cleaners are much safer and may be equally effective. 8.1.2 Fill the container with reagent water conforming to Type II of Specification D1193 at a temperature somewhat below that specified. Cap the container, leaving the overflow orifice open. Immediately remove excess overflowed water or water held in depressions by wiping dry with absorbent material. Avoid occluding air bubbles in the container. 8.1.3 Bring the container and contents to the specified temperature using the constant-temperature bath or room if necessary. This will cause further slight flow of water from the overflow orifice due to the expansion of the water with the rise of the temperature.