ASTM D3628-15(R2021) pdf free download

ASTM D3628-15(R2021) pdf free download.Standard Practice for Selection and Use of Emulsified Asphalts
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the selection of emulsified asphalts for various paving and allied uses. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D8. 3.2 Definitions ofTerms Specific to This Standard: 3.2.1 asphalt-aggregate applications—applications of emulsified asphalt to a prepared aggregate base or pavement surface followed by the application of aggregate. 3.2.2 asphalt-aggregate mixtures—a combination of emul- sified asphalt and aggregate that is physically mixed by mechanical means, spread on the job site, and compacted. 3.2.3 asphalt applications—the application of sprayed emulsified asphalt not involving the use of aggregates. 3.2.4 graded aggregate seal, n—a single surface treatment in which the aggregate is graded with little or no mineral filler, typically with a nominal maximum size of about 19 mm, and containing sufficient sand that the emulsified asphalt will be required to penetrate upward into the aggregate cover; the nominal maximum aggregate size may vary depending on the course thickness desired and aggregate availability. It is an application method used in lieu of a chip seal to provide a lower cost road. 3.2.4.1 Discussion—In this case, nominal maximum size refers to the definition in Terminology D8. 3.2.5 multiple surface treatment—two or more single sur- face treatments placed one on the other. The maximum aggregate size of each successive treatment is usually one half that of the previous one, and the total thickness is about the same as the nominal maximum size aggregate particles of the first course. 3.2.6 pavement bases and surfaces—the lower or underly- ing pavement course atop the subbase or subgrade and the top or wearing course. Cold-laid mixtures that are bound together with emulsified asphalts use either open or dense aggregate gradations. 3.2.7 sand—a mineral aggregate material consisting of par- ticles of rock passing a 4.75-mm sieve and only about 5 % passing the 75-µm sieve. 3.2.8 sand seal—a bituminous-sand application to an exist- ing pavement surface to seal the surface and to function as a light-wearing course. 3.2.9 sandy soil—a material consisting essentially of fine aggregate particles smaller than 2.00-mm sieve and usually containing material passing a 75-µm sieve. This material usually exhibits plasticity characteristics. 3.2.10 single-surface treatment (chip seal)—a wearing sur- face ofemulsified asphalt and aggregate in which the aggregate is placed uniformly over the applied emulsified asphalt in a single layer, the thickness of which approximates the nominal maximum size of the aggregate used.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 As indicated by Specifications D977 and D2397/ D2397M, emulsified asphalts are classified by type (rapid, medium, or slow setting) and by grade within type (viscosity in the case of the rapid-setting type or characteristic of the residual asphalt in the case of the medium and slow-setting types). Selection for use of a particular type and grade is controlled by type of construction (whether an application or a mix type), properties of the mineral aggregate (both grading and mineral composition), and environmental conditions dur- ing construction. For surface treatments and seals, emulsified asphalts are formulated to set rapidly upon contact with the mineral aggregate or pavement surface. When used in mix types, slower breaking is required to allow time for mixing and laydown. If the mix aggregate is open graded without appre- ciable fines, a medium-setting emulsified asphalt may be used that deposits a relatively hard asphalt. If the aggregate is dense-graded but does not contain a large amount of very fine material (dust), a medium-setting emulsified asphalt with a soft residue may be a good choice. However, if the dense-graded aggregate contains a large amount of very fine mineral matter, a slow-setting emulsified asphalt may be required. 4.2 The recommendations in Table 1 should be considered only as a general guide for the selection ofan emulsion for use. Ifthe user is uncertain as to which to select for an intended use, the emulsified asphalt supplier should be contacted.