ASTM D5414-95(R2020) pdf free download

ASTM D5414-95(R2020) pdf free download.Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Horizontal Impact Performance of Load Unitizing Stretch Wrap Films
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate and compare the ability of stretch-wrap films to survive horizontal impacts in a laboratory simulation. 1.2 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode of shipping and handling used for the unit load under test. 1.3 The methodology of performing the controlled horizon- tal impacts is described in detail in Test Methods D4003. This test method will describe only sample preparation and evalu- ation in the special case of evaluating the performance of film for load unitizing. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended to be used mainly as a means of comparing the performance of unitizing films. It can also be used to compare the effectiveness of different wrap cycles with the same wrapping materials. No direct correlation between these tests results and actual field performance has been established. 5.2 This test method simulates the horizontal impact ele- ments of the distribution environment. Horizontal impacts are encountered in rail car switching and pallet marshalling procedures, both in the warehouse and during the loading and unloading of transport vehicles. 5.3 This test method leaves open to the discretion ofthe user the establishment of test levels and the number of impacts constituting the test so that one might tailor the test to simulate one’s particular distribution environment. The section entitled “Element H—Simulated Rail Switching” in Practice D4169 may provide some guidance in this regard.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Load Wrapping Apparatus—A machine or apparatus to wrap the test load. The method of wrap application is prefer- ably as near as possible to that used in an actual production situation (stretch wrapper or manual wrapping unit).6.2 Horizontal Impact Test Machine—Refer to Test Meth- ods D4003, paragraph 5.1 and following subparagraphs, for a complete description. 6.3 Instrumentation—Refer to Test Methods D4003, para- graph 5.3 and following subparagraphs, for a complete descrip- tion.
7. Procedure
7.1 Procedure A—Normal Test Mode: 7.1.1 Prepare the test load. Arrange the units comprising the test load in layers and stack them on the pallet or slip sheet in the normal manner. 7.1.2 Wrap the test load with the unitizing film at a predetermined percent stretch and wrap cycle. 7.1.3 Allow the wrapped load to stand undisturbed for a minimum of 16 h before testing. This gives the stress retention forces in the stretched wrapping material time to equilibrate. 7.1.4 Perform the horizontal impact test. Follow the proce- dures detailed in Test Methods D4003 (Procedure A or B, depending on the specific hazard being simulated). For the purposes of this test method, the use of back loading can be eliminated since this would not normally affect the perfor- mance of the unitizing materials. 7.1.5 Evaluation—After completion of the desired horizon- tal impact cycle, inspect the load and note the degree of load shifting between layers. Also note any failure in the unitizing material such as horizontal or vertical splits, tears, holes, or other test-induced defects. 7.2 Procedure B—Severe Test Mode: 7.2.1 Perform this test in the same manner as Test Method A, except hold the unit load or block away from the horizontal bulkhead of the test carriage by placing a solid block approxi- mately the size of one of the individual containers comprising the unit load on the floor of the test carriage between the test specimen and the bulkhead. This test mode will induce additional severe stresses on the load unitizing materials since, on impact, the unrestrained upper section of the unit load will tend to continue to move forward while the lower section will be prevented from doing so by the block on the floor of the test carriage.