ASTM D6111-2019 pdf free download

ASTM D6111-2019 pdf free download.Standard Test Method for Bulk Density And Specific Gravity of Plastic Lumber and Shapes by Displacement
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk density and specific gravity of plastic lumber and shapes in their “as manufactured” form. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not a material property test method. 1.2 This test method is suitable for determining the bulk specific gravity or bulk density by immersion ofthe entire item or a representative cross section in water. This test method involves the weighing of a one piece specimen in water, using a sinker with plastics that are lighter than water. This test method is suitable for products that are wet by, but otherwise not affected by water for the duration of the test. 1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominately from recycled plastics. However, this test method would also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is non-homogeneous in the cross-section. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. N OTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The specific gravity or density of a solid is a property that can be measured conveniently to follow physical changes in a sample, to indicate degree of uniformity among different sampling units or specimens, or to indicate the average density of a large item. 5.2 It is possible that variations in density of a particular plastic lumber or shapes specimen will be due to changes in crystallinity, loss of plasticizer/solvent content, differences in degree of foaming, or to other causes. It is possible that portions ofa sample will differ in density because ofdifference in crystallinity, thermal history, porosity, and composition (types or proportions of resin, plasticizer, pigment, or filler). N OTE 2—Reference is made to Test Method D1622/D1622M. 5.3 Density is useful for calculating strength to weight and cost to weight ratios. 5.4 Ifthe cross-sectional area ofthe specimen is required for future testing on a particular sample, it is acceptable to determine it from a specific gravity measurement, see Eq 5.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Balance—A balance large enough to accommodate the specimen conveniently, with a precision within 1.0 mg, accu- racy within 0.05 % relative (that is 0.05 % of the weight of the specimen in air), and equipped with a means of support for the immersion cage. 6.1.1 Calibrate the balance at least annually in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for zero point, sensitivity, and absolute accuracy. 6.2 Immersion Cage: 6.2.1 Wire—A corrosion-resistant wire for suspending the cage. 6.2.2 Cage—Adevice large enough to support the bottom of the specimen and when weighted will transfer the sinker force to the specimen to keep it from floating. Refer to the sample immersion cage diagrammed in Fig. 1. 6.2.3 Sinker—A sinker for use with specimens of plastics that have specific gravities less than 1.000. The sinker shall: be corrosion-resistant; have a specific gravity of not less than 7.0; have smooth surfaces and a regular shape; and be slightly heavier than necessary to sink the specimen. It is important that the sinker be easily attached to the cage. 6.3 Immersion Vessel—A beaker, bucket, or other wide- mouthed vessel for holding the water and immersed cage. 6.4 Thermometer—A thermometer having not fewer than four divisions per °C over a temperature range of not less than 5°C above and below the standard temperature, and having an ice point for calibration.