ASTM E209-2018 pdf free download

ASTM E209-2018 pdf free download.Standard Practice for Compression Tests of Metallic Materials at Elevated Temperatures with Conventional or Rapid Heating Rates and Strain Rates
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers compression test in which the specimen is heated to a constant and uniform temperature and held at temperature while an axial force is applied at a controlled rate of strain. 1.2 In metals with extremely high proportional limit or low modulus of elasticity, 1.5 % total strain under load could be reached before the 0.2 %-offset yield strength is reached. In this event the end point of the test may be reported as the 0.2 percent-offset yield strength unless rupture occurs before that point. 1.3 For acceptable compression tests it is imperative that the specimens not buckle before the end point is reached. For this reason the equipment and procedures shall be designed to maintain uniform loading and axial alignment. 1.4 Preferred conditions of testing are recommended so that data from different sources conducting the tests will be comparable. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Apparatus
3.1 Testing Machines—Machines used for compression test- ing shall conform to the requirements of Practices E4. 3.2 Bearing Blocks and Loading Adapters—Load both ends of the compression specimens through bearing blocks or through pin-type adapters that are part of the compression- testing assembly. Bearing blocks may be designed with flat bearing faces for sheet- or bar-type specimens. Sheet speci- mens may also be loaded through pin-type adapters that are clamped rigidly to the grip sections of specimens designed for these adapters (1). 3 The main requirement is that the method of applying the force be consistent with maintaining axial align- ment and uniform loading on the specimen throughout the test. When bearing blocks with flat faces are used, the load-bearing surfaces should be smooth and parallel within very close limits. The tolerance for parallelism for these surfaces should be equal to or closer than that specified for the loaded ends of the specimens. The design of the equipment should provide adequate rigidity so that parallelism is maintained during heating and loading. The bearing blocks or pin-type adapters should be made of a material that is sufficiently hard at the testing temperature to resist plastic indentation at maximum force. They should also be of a material or coated with a material that is sufficiently oxidation resistant at the maximum testing temperature to prevent the formation of an oxide coating that would cause misalignment. In any compression test it is important that the specimen be carefully centered with respect to the bearing blocks, which in turn should be centered with respect to the testing machine heads. N OTE 1—Bearing blocks with straight cylindrical or threaded holes depending on specimen design may be used for bar-type specimens providing the apparatus qualifies in accordance with Section 10. N OTE 2—Bearing blocks of an adjustable type to provide parallel loading surfaces are discussed in Test Methods E9. Bearing blocks with a spherical seat for the upper block are also shown.