ASTM E747-2018 pdf free download
ASTM E747-2018 pdf free download.Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
1. Scope
1.1 This practice 2 covers the design, material grouping classification, and manufacture of wire image quality indica- tors (IQI) used to indicate the quality of radiographic images. 1.2 This practice is applicable to X-ray and gamma-ray radiography. 1.3 This practice covers the use ofwire penetrameters as the controlling image quality indicator for the material thickness range from 6.4 to 152 mm (0.25 to 6.0 in.). 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Wire IQI Requirements
4.1 The quality of all levels of examination shall be deter- mined by a set of wires conforming to the following require- ments: 4.1.1 Wires shall be fabricated from materials or alloys identified or listed in accordance with 7.2. Other materials may be used in accordance with 7.3. 4.1.2 The IQI consists of sets of wires arranged in order of increasing diameter. The diameter sizes specified in Table 1 are established from a consecutive series of numbers taken in general from the ISO/R 10 series. The IQI shall be fabricated in accordance with the requirements specified in Figs. 1-8 and Tables 1-3. IQIs previously manufactured to the requirements of Appendix X1 may be used as an alternate provided all other requirements of this practice are met. 4.1.3 Image quality indicator (IQI) designs other than those shown in Figs. 1-8 and Annex A1 are permitted by contractual agreement. If an IQI set as listed in Table 1 or Annex A1 is modified in size, it must contain the grade number, set identity, and essential wire. It must also contain two additional wires that are the next size larger and the next size smaller as specified in the applicable set listed in Table 1. 4.1.4 Each set must be identified using letters and numbers made of industrial grade lead or of a material of similar radiographic density. Identification shall be as shown on Figs. 1-8 or Annex A1, unless otherwise specified by contractual agreement. 4.1.5 ISO standard ISO 19232-1 contains similar provisions (with nominal differences-see Table A1.1) for wire image quality indicators as this standard (E747). International users of these type IQI standards who prefer the use ofISO 19232-1 for their particular applications should specify such alternate provisions within separate contractual arrangements from this standard.
7.2.5.1 Image quality indicators (IQI’s) shall be made of aluminum bronze (Alloy No. 623 of Specification B150M) or equivalent, or nickel-aluminum bronze (Alloy No. 630 of Specification B150M) or equivalent. 7.2.5.2 Use on all aluminum bronzes and all nickel- aluminum bronzes. 7.2.6 Materials Group 3: 7.2.6.1 Image quality indicators (IQI’s) shall be made of nickel-chromium-iron alloy (UNS No. N06600) (Inconel). 7 (See Specification B166). 7.2.6.2 Use on nickel-chromium-iron alloy and 18 % nickel-maraging steel. 7.2.7 Materials Group 4: 7.2.7.1 Image quality indicators (IQI’s) shall be made of 70 to 30 nickel-copper alloy (Monel) 8 (Class A or B of Specifi- cation B164) or equivalent, or 70 to 30 copper-nickel alloy (Alloy G of Specification B161) or equivalent. 7.2.7.2 Use on nickel, copper, all nickel-copper series, or copper-nickel series of alloys, and all brasses (copper-zinc alloys). Group 4 IQI’s may include the leaded brasses since leaded brass increases in attenuation with increase in lead content. This would be equivalent to using a lower group IQI. 7.2.8 Materials Group 5: 7.2.8.1 Image quality indicators (IQI’s) shall be made of tin bronze (Alloy D of Specification B139/B139M).
