ASTM E832-81(R2019) pdf free download

ASTM E832-81(R2019) pdf free download.Standard Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
3. Types and Classes
3.1 The types and classes of filter paper are as follows: 3.1.1 Type I—To be used for qualitative analysis (low ash content): 3.1.1.1 Class AA, for very coarse and gelatinous precipitates, very fast flow rate. 3.1.1.2 Class A, for coarse and gelatinous precipitates, fast flow rate. 3.1.1.3 Class B, for medium-size precipitates, medium flow rate. 3.1.1.4 Class C, for fine precipitates, slow flow rate. 3.1.1.5 Class D, hardened to facilitate scraping, for fine precipitates, slow flow rate. 3.1.2 Type II—to be used for quantitative analysis (ashless papers): 3.1.2.1 Class E, for coarse and gelatinous precipitates, fast flow rate. 3.1.2.2 Class F, for medium-size precipitates, medium flow rate. 3.1.2.3 Class G, for fine precipitates, slow flow rate.
4. Manufacture
4.1 The papers shall be made from such materials and by such methods as to ensure compliance with the requirements of Section 10, and shall be clean and free of imperfections that would affect their performance. 4.2 The papers shall be converted into circles, sheets, or any required sizes.
5. General Requirements
5.1 All classes of filter paper shall comply with the require- ments given in Table 1 and Table 2 and Section 11. 5.2 The ash content of the Type II circles shall not exceed 0.01 %. 5.3 Class D filter papers shall have a surface hard enough to permit scraping collected precipitates off the sheet.
9. Test Methods
9.1 The most important tests to be performed are: 9.1.1 pH Value—Determine in accordance with TAPPI Method T 509. 9.1.2 Alpha-Cellulose—Determine in accordance with TAPPI Method T 429. This test may or may not be used for lot to lot determination. 9.1.3 Ash Content—Determine in accordance with Section 10.1 or TAPPI Method T 413, applicable for Type II papers. 9.1.4 Retention of precipitates, simple method to determine retention ability of filter paper as determined in accordance with 10.2. 9.1.5 Water Flow Rate—Determine the flow rates of filter paper in accordance with 10.3 or the Herzberg method (mea- surement of time for the filtration of 100 mL of prefiltered distilled water with a filter surface of 10 cm 2 at a constant pressure of 50 mm water column). 9.1.6 Wet Bursting Strength—Determine in accordance with 10.4.
10. Test Methods
10.1 Ash Content: 10.1.1 Apparatus:10.1.1.1 Crucibles, 20-mL platinum, with tightly fitting covers. One for each sample. 10.1.1.2 Heat Source—An electric muffle furnace with an operating temperature of approximately 925 °C is recommended, but a gas burner yielding a similar temperature is sufficient. 10.1.1.3 Test Specimens, having a mass of at least 6 g, representative of the sample obtained as prescribed in Section 6, and cut in the shape ofwhole circles ofthe same diameter or small strips measured for area. 10.1.2 Procedure: 10.1.2.1 Heat the crucibles with their respective covers to approximately 925 °C. Cool in a desiccator and weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg. Add the specimen into crucible. 10.1.2.2 Heat the covered crucible plus test specimen gradu- ally until smoking ceases, remove cover, then continue heating until the maximum temperature of 925 °C is reached and maintain for 2 h. Replace the cover and cool the covered crucible in a desiccator until temperature equilibrium with the surrounding air is reached. Weigh the crucible and contents to the nearest 0.1 mg. Ignition is considered to be complete when the weight of the covered crucible and ash does not change by more than 0.2 mg after reheating at 925 °C for 30 min. 10.1.2.3 Blank—Carry a tare crucible with cover through all operations in exactly the same manner as the crucibles con- taining specimens, as a check on possible loss of mass of the crucibles themselves. 10.1.2.4 Test at least two specimens per sample. 10.1.3 Calculation and Report—Calculate and report the ash, corrected for the results ofthe blank test, to two significant figures. Determine the weight percentage of the paper dried at 105 °C.