ASTM F2326-04(R2021) pdf free download

ASTM F2326-04(R2021) pdf free download.Standard Test Method for Collection and Analysis of Visible Emissions from Candles as They Burn
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the collection and analysis of visible emissions from indoor use candles as they burn. 1.2 The test is to be used to compare relative smoke/burn behavior during development of candle designs and formula- tions. 1.3 This test method may not be suitable for multiple wick candles; tapers and candles intended to be burned while floating on water commonly known as “floaters.” 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The intent of this test method is to aid the candle manufacturer to optimize candle formulations in the reduction of visible smoke emissions. 5.2 This test method is intended to provide candle manu- facturers a standard procedure to use during development of candle designs and formulations to compare relative smoke/ burn behavior. For the development of this method, a protocol was established for trimming the wick on specially prepared test candles to 6 mm to 7 mm ( 1 ⁄ 4 in.) prior to each burn cycle. It is recommended that the manufacturer determine a standard- ized protocol, that is, either not trimming the wick or trimming the wick to an appropriate length in order for direct comparison of results. 5.3 A relative ranking of candle formulations can be estab- lished with the use of a histogram of the data and control charts. 5.4 This test method is not intended to set forth pass/fail criteria for visible smoke emissions from candles, as such, this method sets no standard level for visible smoke emissions.
6. Interferences
6.1 The thickness ofthe collection material, that is, the glass microscope slide, will create a positive interference and should be corrected for in the set up of the densitometer prior to the analysis of test samples. 6.2 Any material that darkens the microscope slide other than the visible emissions of a candle shall create a positive interference.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Prior to sampling, wipe microscope slides with a suit- able lint free wipe to remove dust or fingerprints, or both. 8.2 Attach the microscope slide in a flat horizontal position in a ring stand clamp. The microscope slide should be parallel with the ground and as close to level as possible. 8.3 Place the candle(s) to be tested in a chamber or room with minimal drafts on a level-burning surface. The tempera- ture of the room or chamber shall be maintained to 25 °C 6 5 °C (77 °F 6 9 °F) throughout the test period. 8.4 Move the microscope slide with ring stand into position such that the center of the microscope slide is above the center of the wick in the candle. 8.5 Position the microscope slide in the ring stand such that it is 102 mm 6 6 mm (4 in. 6 0.25 in.) above the solid top surface of the candle wax pool. In the event the flame becomes recessed inside the candle either due to a pillar candle maintaining the side walls as it burns or a containerized candle consuming the fuel as it burns, do not position the slide any closer than 51 mm 6 6 mm (2 in. 6 0.25 in.) from the top of the candle as defined in 3.2.6. If the microscope slide is positioned any closer than 51 mm 6 6 mm (2 in. 6 0.25 in.) to the top of the candle it may restrict air flow into the candle and effect the performance or behavior of the flame during the test. Once the proper height adjustment has been made prior to the burn cycle, move the slide and holder away from the candle until it is time to collect the sample, that is, after the 15 min or longer required to develop a molten fuel pool and stable flame.